- All India Anti-Untouchability League Mahatma Gandhi
- All India Kisan SabhaSwami Sahajanand Saraswati
- Self-Respect Movement Naicker E.V. Ramaswami
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
20. Answer: (d) Pair 1 is correctly matched:
The All-India AntiUntouchability League was set up by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 to lend a conducive environment for the upliftment of the oppressed classes or ‘Harijans’. Gandhi advised that the activities of the League should be mainly directed towards the economic, social and educational improvement of the depressed classes rather than limiting it to the issue of temple
entry and inter-dining. Henceforth, the word untouchable was replaced by Harijan and the Anti-Untouchability League was renamed as Harijan Sevak Sangh.
Pair 2 is correctly matched: To spearhead peasant movements in colonial India, All India Kisan Sabha was formed in 1936, at the Lucknow session of the Congress, with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as its first President. It later issued a Kisan manifesto which demanded the abolition of Zamindari and occupancy rights for all tenants. Under pressure from its socialist members and leaders, the Congress adopted an Agrarian Programme in December 1936.
Pair 3 is correctly matched: Self-Respect Movement, started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in Tamil Nadu in 1925, was a dynamic social movement aimed at destroying the contemporary Hindu social order in its totality and creating a new, rational society without caste, religion, and God. It was an egalitarian movement that propagated the ideologies of breaking down the Brahminical hegemony, equal rights for the backward classes and women in the society and revitalization of the Dravidian languages like Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam.
