(a) Active all-India participation of lawyers, students and women in the National Movement
(b) Active involvement of Dalit and Tribal communities of India in the National Movement
(c) Joining of peasant unrest to India’s National Movement
(d) Drastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation crops and commercial crops
Answer: (c)
Option (c) is correct: The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was India’s first Civil Disobedience Movement that opened a new phase in the national movement by joining it to the great struggle of the Indian peasantry for bread and land. Gandhi led the struggle of indigo workers as India’s first Satyagraha that set the pace for involvement of peasant unrest to the National Movement. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms introduced Dyarchy in the provinces with the Government of Indian Act, 1919. The Moderates welcomed these reforms, while the Extremists rejected them. The Rowlatt Act was also passed in 1919 to suppress political violence. At this juncture appeared a new face in the political arena of India’s freedom movement. This was Gandhi, who filled the vacuum created in the top leadership of the Congress. Gandhi had led the movement against discrimination meted out to Indians in South Africa. He had used the political weapon called Satyagraha (Truth force, or Love force, or Soul force). His first triumph in India was the Champaran Satyagraha.
