Syllabus: Important International institutions, agencies and fora – their structure, mandate
Context and Background
- The United Nations (UN), founded 80 years ago, aimed to prevent wars and ensure global peace. The UN Security Council (UNSC) reacts to crises but struggles to sustain long-term peace.
- Ongoing conflicts persist due to early diplomatic withdrawal and lack of political continuity in peacebuilding efforts.
Institutional Weaknesses in the UN System
- The UN has no permanent mechanism for post-conflict political engagement.
- UNSC functions episodically without consistent follow-up.
- Peacekeeping missions stabilise ground realities but lack strategic political direction.
- The Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) lacks adequate authority during active transitions, leading to loss of context and continuity.
Need for Functional Reform
- Structural reform of the UNSC is vital but politically delayed.
- Functional reforms can strengthen present UN capacities without Charter amendments.
- Under Article 22, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) can create subsidiary bodies to bridge existing peacebuilding gaps.
Proposal for Board of Peace and Sustainable Security (BPSS)
- BPSS would fill the institutional gap in conflict resolution and post-conflict engagement.
- It focuses on political tools, not coercion—supporting national dialogues, peace agreement implementation, and regional coordination.
- It aligns peacekeeping with political outcomes and works with the UN Secretary-General, absorbing the PBC.
Structure and Concept
- About two dozen rotating members, elected by the UNGA, ensure regional balance.
- No veto powers or permanent seats, ensuring inclusivity and equality.
- Promotes sustainable security — linking peace with governance, inclusion, and development while respecting sovereignty.
Significance
- The BPSS would restore political continuity, strengthen UN credibility, and foster responsible conflict management.
- It marks a shift from reactive crisis response to sustained peacebuilding and sustainable security.