Syllabus: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Context
- Ten years since Paris Agreement, aimed at limiting global temperature rise well below 2°C and striving for 1.5°C.
- Emissions still rising, and climate finance commitments lag, widening the implementation gap.
- COP30 held in Belém, Brazil, amid record heat and intensifying climate impacts.
Significance of Location
- Belém is a symbolic entry point to the Amazon rainforest, a major carbon sink (150–200 billion tonnes).
- Amazon threatened by deforestation and land-use change, nearing irreversible tipping point.
Inclusion Challenge
- Limited logistics caused skyrocketing hotel prices, restricting participation of low-income nations and civil society.
- Shows how logistical exclusion reduces equity in climate diplomacy.
“Implementation COP”
- Expected to convert commitments into actual results, guided by the Global Stocktake (GST).
- Focus on mitigation, adaptation, finance, and implementation mechanisms.
Priority Areas
- Six transitions: energy, industry, transport, forests & biodiversity, food systems, resilient cities & water, and human development.
Climate Finance — Baku to Belém Roadmap
- Joint roadmap by Azerbaijan–Brazil to scale finance to $1.3 trillion/year by 2035.
- Guides negotiations on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) beyond $300 billion target.
- Core Objectives
- Revisit emission reduction and climate finance goals.
- Emphasize protection of forests and indigenous communities.
Q- Discuss the importance of the Amazon rainforest and why hosting COP30 in Belém is symbolically relevant. (10 Marks)