Syllabus: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
India’s Core Stand at COP30
- India stated that COP30 must focus on adaptation rather than altering climate agreements.
- India cautioned against using the Paris Agreement’s 10th anniversary to change its ‘architecture’.
- The architecture refers to Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), which balances emission reduction with development needs.
- India emphasised that climate actions must remain guided by equity and CBDR.
Climate Finance Concerns
- Developed countries agreed to mobilise only $300 billion annually by 2035.
- Developing nations had demanded $1.35 trillion, marking a significant shortfall.
- India and LMDC countries view this as reneging on past commitments.
- India highlighted the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement as a setback to climate finance.
Push for Adaptation and National Plans
- India urged Brazil’s COP30 Presidency to call for submission of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).
- India highlighted that adaptation is crucial for developing countries facing climate disasters.
- India has not yet submitted its National Adaptation Plan or updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Role of Developing Country Groups
- India spoke on behalf of LMDC (Like-Minded Developing Countries), representing nearly half of the world’s population.
- India also issued a joint statement with BASIC (Brazil, India, China, South Africa).
- India insisted that developed countries must reach net zero earlier and invest in negative emission technologies.