1. Why in News
Recent Development:
The Ministry of Home Affairs released a comprehensive report highlighting a significant reduction in Left Wing Extremism (LWE) activities across India. The number of LWE-affected districts has reduced from 126 in 2018 to 38 in 2024. The report showcases an 81% reduction in violence incidents and an 85% decrease in casualties between 2010 and 2024.
2. Understanding Left Wing Extremism
Root Causes
A. Socio-Economic Factors
- Under-development: Regional disparities, land-related disputes, and unemployment remain primary catalysts for LWE.
- Social Discrimination: Poor implementation of forest rights and social marginalization contribute to extremist ideologies taking root in vulnerable communities.
B. Administrative Challenges
- Weak Local Governance: Ineffective implementation of development schemes.
- Inadequate Infrastructure: Lack of proper facilities in remote areas and insufficient security presence allow extremist groups to establish strongholds.
C. Geographical Constraints
- Challenging Terrain: Dense forests and remote locations complicate counter-insurgency efforts.
- Interstate Coordination Issues: Boundaries create challenges for security forces.
- Limited Connectivity: Hampers rapid response capabilities.
3. Government’s Multi-Pronged Strategy
Security Measures
A. Policy Framework
- National Policy and Action Plan (2015): A watershed moment in anti-LWE efforts, combining security operations with development initiatives for a balanced approach.
B. Infrastructure Development
- Construction of 612 Fortified Police Stations
- Deployment of Specialized Central Armed Police Forces
- Enhanced Intelligence Sharing Mechanisms
- Allocation of ₹394.31 crore under Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS)
Development Initiatives
A. Physical Infrastructure
- Connectivity Improvements:
- Construction of 4,046 km of roads
- Installation of 1,333 telecom towers
B. Financial Inclusion
- Establishment of 1,214 Post Offices
- Opening of 297 Bank Branches and 268 ATMs
- Implementation of Special Central Assistance (SCA) Scheme with ₹2,384.17 crore allocation
C. Education and Skill Development
- 45 Eklavya Model Residential Schools Established
- 9 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and 14 Skill Development Centers Opened
- Implementation of Tribal Youth Exchange Programs
4. Way Forward
Immediate Priorities
A. Administrative Reforms
- Enhanced Coordination: Between central and state agencies.
- Strengthening Local Intelligence: Modernizing state police forces for effective counter-insurgency operations.
B. Infrastructure Development
- Continuous Focus: On improving communication infrastructure and transportation networks in affected areas.
Long-term Strategies
A. Sustainable Development
- Implementation of Comprehensive Land Reforms
- Focus on Sustainable Livelihood Opportunities
- Enhanced Educational and Skill Development Programs
- Effective Implementation of Forest Rights
B. Technology Integration
- Modern Surveillance Systems
- Digital Infrastructure Development
- GIS Mapping: For improved strategic planning and response mechanisms
C. Community Engagement
- Increased Participation of Local Communities in development initiatives.
- Cultural Integration Programs
- Youth Engagement and Women Empowerment
- Regular Dialogue with affected communities.
Success Indicators
Recent statistics demonstrate the effectiveness of the government’s approach:
- 81% Reduction in violence incidents (2010-2024)
- 85% Decrease in casualties
- Reduction in Affected Districts: From 126 to 38
- Significant Improvement in development parameters
Conclusion
The government’s multi-dimensional approach to combating Left Wing Extremism has shown promising results. However, sustained efforts in both security and development spheres remain crucial for the complete eradication of the problem. The focus should be on addressing root causes while maintaining strong security measures, ensuring a balanced and effective counter-insurgency strategy.
