Black Day: Pulwama Attack of 14th February 2019

1. Overview of the Attack

• On 14th February 2019, a convoy of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) was attacked in Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir.
• A suicide bomber from the Pakistan-based group Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) rammed an explosive-laden vehicle into the convoy.
• Casualties: 40 CRPF personnel lost their lives, marking one of the deadliest attacks on Indian security forces.

1. Immediate Consequences

• National Response:
  • Widespread condemnation and mourning across India.
  • Government pledged a strong response to terrorism.
• Diplomatic Actions:
  • India withdrew the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status granted to Pakistan.
  • Initiated efforts to isolate Pakistan internationally by highlighting its support for terrorist groups.

1. Balakot Airstrike

• On 26th February 2019, the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes on JeM training camps in Balakot, Pakistan.
• Significance:
  • First time since 1971 that India crossed the Line of Control (LoC) to strike inside Pakistan.
  • Demonstrated a shift in India’s counter-terrorism strategy from defensive to pre-emptive.

1. Impact on India-Pakistan Relations

• Escalation of Tensions:
  • Increased military alertness on both sides.
  • Brief aerial engagement resulting in the capture and subsequent release of an Indian pilot.
• International Involvement:
  • Global calls for restraint and dialogue.
  • Support for India’s right to self-defense against terrorism.

1. Relevance for UPSC Examination

• General Studies Paper II (International Relations):
  • Implications of cross-border terrorism on bilateral relations.
  • Role of international organizations in mediating conflicts.
• General Studies Paper III (Internal Security):
  • Challenges of terrorism to India’s internal security.
  • Counter-terrorism strategies and policies.
• Essay Paper:
  • Topics on security challenges, foreign policy, and peace initiatives.

1. Key Points for Aspirants

• Counter-Terrorism Measures:
  • Legal frameworks like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).
  • Strengthening intelligence and border security.
• Diplomatic Efforts:
  • India’s strategy to combat terrorism on international platforms.
  • Balancing assertive action with diplomatic engagement.
• Strategic Shifts:
  • Understanding the evolution of India’s security doctrine.
  • Impact of such events on regional stability and peace initiatives.

Conclusion

• The Pulwama attack underscores the persistent threat of terrorism.
• It highlights the need for comprehensive strategies combining security, diplomacy, and international cooperation.