Discovery and Importance
- Region: Identified in Kerala’s Wayanad district, a biodiversity-rich zone within the Western Ghats.
- Biodiversity Contribution: Marks Kerala’s 191st species of dragonflies/damselflies and the 223rd odonate documented across the Western Ghats.
- Publication: Officially validated in the journal ENTOMON, emphasizing its scientific credibility.
Taxonomy and Observations
- Family: Classified under Euphaeidae, a group of damselflies.
- Initial Discovery: First spotted in 2013 near the Kalindi River in Thirunelli (Wayanad).
- Geographic Spread: Later observed (2013–2023) across Wayanad, Aralam (Kannur), and Coorg’s western slopes (Karnataka).
Identification Complexities
- Early Confusion: Resembled Euphaea pseudodispar (a Maharashtra-native species), leading to initial misclassification.
- Differentiation: Confirmed as unique through physical trait comparisons and DNA-based studies, solidifying its status as a new species.
Unique Characteristics
- Wing Pattern: Distinctive elongated dark marking on the hind wing, setting it apart from similar species.
- Male Markings: Exhibits thicker, continuous stripes on the thorax (humeral and antehumeral regions).
- Reproductive Anatomy: Structural differences in the male genital organ distinguish it from relatives.
Ecology and Behavior
- Habitat: Prefers rocky-bottomed streams with rapid currents and submerged plants.
- Forest Link: Commonly inhabits dense evergreen and mixed forests bordering waterways.
- Activity Period: Active year-round but scarce during peak dry months (March–April) when water levels drop.
Conservation Concerns
- Limited Range: Endemic to select areas in Kerala and Karnataka, raising risks of localized extinction.
- Threats:
- Habitat Degradation: Vulnerable to disruptions like deforestation, water pollution, or dam construction.
- Climate Vulnerability: Shifts in rainfall could destabilize its specialized stream habitats.
Broader Implications
- Scientific Value: Underscores the Western Ghats’ status as a hotspot for undiscovered species.
- Action Needed: Urges immediate safeguards for its habitats and long-term ecological monitoring.
Glossary
- Odonate: Dragonflies and damselflies, belonging to the order Odonata.
- Morphological Traits: Physical features (e.g., wing patterns, body structures) used in species identification.
- Molecular Studies: Genetic analyses to determine evolutionary relationships.
