Nilgiri Tahr

Latest News

• Second Annual Synchronized Estimation: Conducted in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, covering 36 new blocks in addition to the 140 blocks surveyed in 2023. This effort aims to improve population data and conservation strategies for the endangered species.

About Nilgiri Tahr

• Scientific Name: Nilgiritragus hylocrius (formerly Hemitragus hylocrius).

• Common Names: Nilgiri Ibex, Varayaadu (local name).

• Unique Status:

  • Only mountain ungulate in southern India.

  • State animal of Tamil Nadu.

• Endemism: Exclusively found in the Western Ghats of southern India.

Habitat & Distribution

• Range: ~400 km stretch across the Western Ghats (Kerala and Tamil Nadu).

• Elevation: 1,200–2,600 meters in montane grasslands and shola forests.

• Key Habitat:

  • Eravikulam National Park (Kerala): Hosts the largest surviving population.

  • Other regions: Anamalai Hills, Palni Hills, Nilgiri Hills, and Agasthyamalai Range.

Physical Features

• Appearance:

  • Stocky, goat-like body with short, coarse fur and a bristly mane.

  • Males: Larger, darker coat, curved horns, and a distinctive light grey “saddle” on the back (called saddlebacks).

  • Females/Immature Males: Yellowish-brown to grey with paler underparts.

  • Facial Markings: Prominent in mature males.

Conservation Status

• IUCN Red List: Endangered (facing habitat loss, poaching, and climate threats).

• Legal Protection:

  • Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Listed under Schedule I (highest protection).

• Threats:

  • Habitat fragmentation due to invasive species (e.g., Acacia mearnsii).

  • Human encroachment, livestock grazing, and climate change.

Conservation Efforts

• Project Nilgiri Tahr: Launched by Tamil Nadu (2022) to protect the species through habitat restoration and community engagement.

• Population Monitoring: Synchronized surveys to track trends and inform policies.

Key Takeaways

• Critical Habitat: Western Ghats’ grasslands and shola forests are vital for survival.

• Conservation Focus: Expansion of surveys (176 total blocks) reflects intensified efforts to safeguard the species.

• Cultural Significance: Revered as Varayaadu and a symbol of Tamil Nadu’s ecological heritage.

FAQs

1. What is the IUCN status of the Nilgiri Tahr?

   • Ans: Endangered.

2. Where is the Nilgiri Tahr endemic?

   • Ans: Western Ghats of southern India (Kerala and Tamil Nadu).

3. Which Indian state has the Nilgiri Tahr as its state animal?

   • Ans: Tamil Nadu.