PRELIMS
DR. SYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJEE
- Born: 6 July 1901, Calcutta.
- Son of Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee (Judge & Calcutta Univ. VC).
- Became the youngest Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University; promoted Indian languages.
- Joined Hindu Mahasabha; advocated full independence.
- As Bengal Finance Minister, opposed colonial policies; led famine relief efforts.
- Post-1947: Served as Industry Minister; later founded Bharatiya Jan Sangh (1951).
- Known as “The Lion of Parliament”, fought for J&K integration.
- Died in detention in Kashmir (1953); symbol of national unity.
UMMED PORTAL
Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, Efficiency & Development Portal.
- Developed by Ministry of Minority Affairs under Waqf Act, 1995.
Key Features:
- Geo-tagging of Waqf properties
- Online grievance redressal
- Leasing transparency
- Public access to verified records
- GIS & e-governance integration
- Aim: Ensure digitisation & effective management of Waqf assets.
SARISKA TIGER RESERVE
- Location: Alwar district, Rajasthan.
- Notified as Wildlife Reserve in 1955, became the 11th Tiger Reserve (1978).
- Declared National Park in 1982.
- Boundary rationalisation proposed to revive closed mining operations without affecting core habitat.
- Famous for: Tiger conservation under Project Tiger.
GBU-57 MOP (MASSIVE ORDNANCE PENETRATOR)
- Developed by Boeing for the US Air Force.
- Largest non-nuclear bomb in US arsenal.
- Can penetrate 200+ feet of reinforced concrete.
- Used for hitting deep nuclear bunkers like Iran’s Fordo site.
- Weight: ~30,000 lbs; explosive payload: 5,300 lbs; guided by GPS.
INS NILGIRI (PROJECT 17A FRIGATE)
- Built by MDL Mumbai & GRSE Kolkata.
- First ship under Project 17A, a successor to Shivalik class.
- Features:
- Advanced stealth, sensors, and weaponry
- Capable of anti-air, anti-surface, and anti-submarine warfare
- Suited for blue-water naval operations
- Other ships: Himgiri, Taragiri, Udaygiri, Dunagiri, Vindhyagiri under construction.
