Why in the News?
- The 2024 General Elections resulted in a coalition government at the center as no political party secured a clear majority in the Lok Sabha.
- This marks a shift from single-party rule to multi-party governance, requiring inter-party cooperation.
What is a Coalition Government?
- A coalition government is formed when multiple political parties collaborate to govern due to the absence of a single-party majority.
Types of coalitions:
- Pre-election alliances: Formed before elections with shared agendas.
- Post-election coalitions: Negotiated after elections to form a government.
Significance of Coalition Governments
- Broader representation – Includes diverse regional and political interests.
- Checks and balances – Prevents dominance by a single party.
- Consensus-based policymaking – Requires cooperation among allies.
- Encourages federalism – Strengthens regional parties and decentralized governance.
Challenges in Coalition Governments
- Political instability – Disagreements among coalition partners may lead to early elections.
- Policy paralysis – Decision-making is delayed due to negotiations among allies.
- Dilution of ideological commitments – Parties may compromise on key policies.
- Pressure from regional parties – Demands for state-specific benefits may impact national policies.
Way Forward
- Transparency in coalition agreements – Clear terms and commitments.
- Constructive vote of no confidence – A motion must include an alternative leader proposal.
- Strengthening institutions like NITI Aayog – Ensuring long-term policy stability.
