- Concept and Benefits
- TOD integrates land use and transport planning to create high-density, mixed-use urban areas around transit hubs (within 500–800 meters). It promotes walkability, efficient public transport, shorter commutes, and reduced carbon footprints. TOD improves real estate values, fosters local economies, and creates vibrant, livable communities with green and public spaces.
- Government Initiatives
- Policies like the National TOD Policy and Metro Rail Policy 2017 focus on reducing private vehicle dependency, enhancing last-mile connectivity, and creating affordable, walkable communities. Programs like the Smart Cities Mission, Urban Infrastructure Development Fund, and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana also emphasize TOD principles.
- Challenges and Solutions
- Challenges include social exclusion (gentrification), lack of regional coordination, inadequate urban design, and limited financing mechanisms. The World Bank’s 3V Framework suggests assessing node value (importance of transit hubs), place value (livability around stations), and market potential value (development opportunities) to address these issues and guide effective TOD implementation.
