Context
- The Union Budget 2026–27 proposes the integrated development of fisheries in 500 reservoirs and Amrit Sarovars to enhance incomes of fish farmers. The initiative reflects a policy focus on strengthening inland fisheries as a key driver of rural livelihoods and food security.
Data
- India is the second-largest fish producer globally, with production reaching 197.75 lakh tonnes in 2024–25, marking a 106% increase since 2013–14.
- Nearly 75% of total fish production comes from inland fisheries.
- Reservoirs cover over 31.50 lakh hectares and produce around 18 lakh tonnes of fish.
- Productivity has increased from 50 kg/ha (2006) to 100 kg/ha, with potential to reach 300 kg/ha.
Example A Jharkhand-based fish farmer using cage culture technology produces 3 tonnes annually, earning over ₹3 lakh.
Significance of the Sector
- Reservoir fisheries provide livelihood opportunities for millions, especially in economically weaker and water-scarce regions.
- They contribute to food and nutritional security by increasing protein availability.
- Strengthening inland fisheries supports the growth of the blue economy and rural development.
- Improved productivity enhances income stability and economic resilience of fish farmers.
Government Steps
- Implementation of flagship schemes like Blue Revolution and PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) to enhance productivity.
- Promotion of cage culture technology, quality seed stocking, and species diversification.
- Development of reservoir clusters (e.g., Halalai and Indra Sagar) through a value-chain approach.
- Strengthening of fish farmer-producer organisations and cooperatives for better market access.
- Integration with Mission Amrit Sarovar to promote community-managed aquaculture.
Challenges
- Fragmentation due to multiple agencies controlling fishing rights leads to governance and coordination issues.
- Lack of integrated infrastructure limits value addition and efficient marketing.
- Inadequate data and monitoring affect planning and policy implementation.
- Limited adoption of advanced practices restricts full productivity potential.
Way Forward
- Adopt a comprehensive value chain approach, including hatcheries, storage, transport, and marketing systems.
- Strengthen cluster-based development to improve economies of scale and competitiveness.
- Enhance capacity building and training for fish farmers to adopt modern technologies.
- Improve institutional coordination to address fragmentation and governance challenges.
- Promote community participation to ensure sustainable and inclusive fisheries development.
Conclusion
- Reservoir fisheries represent a powerful opportunity to combine economic growth with social inclusion, but their full potential can only be realised through integrated planning, technology adoption, and institutional support.
