31. Which amongst the following provided a common factor for tribal insurrection in India in the 19th century? (2011)

(a) Introduction of a new system of land revenue and taxation- of tribal products

(b) Influence of foreign religious missionaries in tribal areas

(c) Rise of a large number of money lenders, traders and revenue farmers as middlemen in tribal areas 

(d) The complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities 

 

31. Answer: (d) 

Option (d) is correct: The main cause of tribal insurrection was the rapid changes that the British introduced in the economy, administration, and land revenue system. These changes led to the disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities causing prolonged and widespread suffering among tribal communities. Also, increasing demands for land revenue and extracting as large an amount as possible by the British government proved to be devastating for Indian villages, throwing millions on the verge of impoverishment. The British government encroached upon the traditional tribal land rendering tribals in a condition of destitution in their own land.

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