159. Consider the following pairs: (2018)

Towns sometimes mentioned in news Country 

1. Aleppo                                                         Syria 
2. Kirkuk                                                        Yemen 
3. Mosul                                                       Palestine 
4. Mazar-i-sharif                                     Afghanistan 

Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2 only 

(b) 1 and 4 only 

(c) 2 and 3 only 

(d) 3 and 4 only 

Answer: (b) 

Pair 1 and pair 4 are correctly matched: Aleppo is in Syria. Mazar-i-sharif is located in Afghanistan. 

Pair 2 and pair 4 are not correctly matched: Kirkuk and Mosul, both are in Iraq. All these places appeared in news in context of war and violence. Terrorism and Ethnic conflict are the main reasons of violence. The ethnic dimension to social relations can be distinguished from dimensions based on neighbourliness, national origin, race, and religion etc., but ethnic conflicts are not a special class of conflicts. The significance of a shared ethnic origin varies with the location and scale of social relations.