Under which Mughal Emperor was the office of Muhtasib (Censor of Public Morals) instituted in Odisha?

Answer & Explanation

Correct answer: (B) Aurangzeb

Explanation: Office of Muhtasib in Odisha

Correct Answer: (B) — Aurangzeb

Muhtasib — Overview

The Muhtasib was an official appointed to enforce Islamic moral codes and public conduct, originally a concept from Islamic governance. The office was responsible for censoring public morals, preventing un-Islamic practices, monitoring markets, suppressing music and dance, and enforcing religious orthodoxy in public life.

Aurangzeb’s Role

Aurangzeb (1658–1707) institutionalized the office of Muhtasib across the Mughal Empire, including in Odisha, as part of his broader policy of Islamic orthodoxy and religious conservatism. Unlike his predecessors who followed a policy of religious tolerance, Aurangzeb actively promoted Sharia-based governance. The Muhtasib was empowered to prohibit activities considered immoral under Islamic law — including music, dancing, gambling, and consumption of alcohol.