(a) The Revolt of 1857
(b) The Mappila Rebellion of 1921
(c) The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60
(d) BirsaMunda’s Revolt of 1899-1900
28. Answer: (d)
Option (d) is correct: Munda Rebellion was one of the prominent 19th century tribal rebellions in the subcontinent. It was led by BirsaMunda in the region south of Ranchi in 1899-1900. The Ulgulan, meaning ‘Great Tumult’, sought to establish Munda Raj and independence. It is also known as the BirsaMunda’s Revolt of 1899-1900. The Mundas traditionally enjoyed a preferential rent rate as the khuntkattidar or the original clearer of the forest. But in the 19th century, this khuntkatti land system was eroded by the jagirdars and thikadars who came as merchants and moneylenders. The government attempted to redress the grievances of the Mundas through the survey and settlement operations of 1902-10. The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 provided some recognition to their khuntkatti rights and banned beth begari. Chotanagpurtribals won a degree of legal protection for their land rights.
