OPSC OAS 2021 PrelimsHistory, Art & CultureQuestion 5
Solved previous year question from the OPSC OAS/OCS 2021 Preliminary Examination (General Studies), with the official answer key and a detailed explanation.
Question
The following Princely States of India were known for their reformist policies:
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Answer & Explanation
Correct answer: (B) Travancore, Baroda
Travancore and Baroda were the two princely states most celebrated for their progressive and reformist policies in pre-independence India.
- Travancore, under rulers like Swathi Thirunal and later under the Diwan C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar, was known for temple entry proclamations, promotion of education (including women’s education), and social reforms. The landmark Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 by Maharaja Chithira Thirunal opened Hindu temples to all Hindus irrespective of caste — a revolutionary step at the time.
- Baroda under Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III was one of the most progressive princely states in India. He introduced free and compulsory primary education, established public libraries across the state, promoted widow remarriage, worked against untouchability, and sent B.R. Ambedkar abroad for higher education at his own expense. Baroda’s administrative and social reforms were considered models for the rest of India.
